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Life in the UK
About Lesson

The British Constitution and System of Government

The UK’s constitution, unlike those of many other countries, is not codified in a single document. It is an “unwritten” constitution, a product of centuries of evolution and gradual reform. This flexibility is seen by some as a strength, allowing for adaptation to changing circumstances.

Constitutional Institutions

The UK’s system of government is comprised of several key institutions:

  • The Monarchy
  • Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords)
  • The Prime Minister
  • The Cabinet
  • The Judiciary (Courts)
  • The Police
  • The Civil Service
  • Local Government

Additionally, devolved governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland exercise legislative power over certain matters.

The Monarchy

Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state, embodying the continuity and stability of the British system. In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch’s role is largely ceremonial, though they retain important symbolic and representative functions.

  • Head of State: The monarch formally appoints the government, approves Acts of Parliament, and represents the UK on the world stage.
  • National Identity: The monarch serves as a focus for national unity and pride.

The National Anthem

“God Save the Queen” is the UK’s national anthem, played at important national events and ceremonies.

Oath of Allegiance

New citizens pledge allegiance to the monarch as part of their citizenship ceremony.

System of Government

The UK is a parliamentary democracy where citizens elect representatives to the House of Commons. The political party with the majority of seats forms the government.

  • The House of Commons: The primary legislative body, comprised of elected Members of Parliament (MPs) who represent constituencies across the UK. MPs propose and debate laws, scrutinize government actions, and raise issues of national importance.
  • The House of Lords: A revising chamber with unelected members (peers) who review legislation passed by the House of Commons, offering amendments and expertise.
  • The Speaker: A neutral officer of the House of Commons who presides over debates and ensures fair proceedings.

Elections

General elections determine the composition of the House of Commons, with MPs elected through a “first-past-the-post” system. European Parliament elections use proportional representation.

Contacting Elected Representatives

Citizens can contact their elected representatives to raise concerns or seek assistance. MPs often hold “surgeries” in their constituencies to meet with constituents directly.

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